Journal: Biology

Article Title: The Early Growth of Maize Under Waterlogging Stress, as Measured by Growth, Biochemical, and Molecular Characteristics.

doi: 10.3390/biology14020111

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Antioxidative enzyme activity in the two genotypes. (A). Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in LT and LS, in all three time points (24 h, 72 h, 7 d). APX activity is shown as APX units/mg of protein. (B). Peroxidase (POD) activity in LT and LS, in all three time points (24 h, 72 h, 7 d). POD activity is shown as POD units/mg of protein. Control samples are shown in orange, and treatment samples are shown in blue. The significance of the difference between the control and treatment of each parameter was determined by t-test and is shown as ** (p < 0.01), * (p < 0.05), and NS (statistically not significant at p > 0.05).

Article Snippet: In alignment with the manufacturer’s instructions, the peroxidase (POD) Activity Assay Kit (Elabscience®, Wuhan, China) was employed for this purpose.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science

Article Title: Brassinosteroids Positively Regulate Plant Immunity via BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1-Mediated GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE 8 Transcription

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854899

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antioxidant system induced by BRs after infection. (A) Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining for observing superoxide accumulation at 1 dpi. (B) The superoxide content in the infected leaves at 1 dpi. Bar, 1.00 cm. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) (C) , peroxidase (POD) (D) , catalase (CAT) (E) , and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (F) . Bars represent mean ± SD obtained from three biological replicates per genotype and time point, superoxide content or the activities of the antioxidant enzymes measured from five leaves of each genotype and treatment were pooled for one replicate. (G,H) Relative expression levels of defense-related genes PR1 and PR2. The expression of ACTIN2 was used as an internal reference. Data presented are mean ± SD from three independent experiments. Significant differences ( P < 0.05) are denoted by different lowercase letters.

Article Snippet: The Catalase (CAT) Activity Assay Kit (BC0205, Solarbio), the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity Detection Kit (BC0170, Solarbio), the Peroxidase (POD) Activity Detection Kit (BC0090, Solarbio), and the Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) Activity Assay Kit (BC0220, Solarbio) were used to detect the activity of CAT, SOD, POD, and APX, respectively.

Techniques: Infection, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science

Article Title: Brassinosteroids Positively Regulate Plant Immunity via BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1-Mediated GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE 8 Transcription

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854899

Figure Lengend Snippet: Brassinosteroid signaling enhances the antioxidant system to defend against pathogens. (A) NBT staining for observing superoxide accumulation at 1 dpi in Col-0, BRI1OX , bes1-D , and BES1-RNAi. Bar, 1.00 cm. (B) The superoxide content in the infected leaves at 1 dpi. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD (C) , POD (D) , CAT (E) , and APX (F) . Bars represent mean ± SD obtained from three biological replicates per genotype and time point, superoxide content or the activities of the antioxidant enzymes measured from five leaves of each genotype and treatment were pooled for one replicate. (G,H) Relative expression levels of defense-related genes PR1 and PR2. The expression of ACTIN2 was used as an internal reference. Data presented are mean ± SD from three independent experiments. Significant differences ( P < 0.05) are denoted by different lowercase letters.

Article Snippet: The Catalase (CAT) Activity Assay Kit (BC0205, Solarbio), the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity Detection Kit (BC0170, Solarbio), the Peroxidase (POD) Activity Detection Kit (BC0090, Solarbio), and the Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) Activity Assay Kit (BC0220, Solarbio) were used to detect the activity of CAT, SOD, POD, and APX, respectively.

Techniques: Staining, Infection, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science

Article Title: Brassinosteroids Positively Regulate Plant Immunity via BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1-Mediated GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE 8 Transcription

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854899

Figure Lengend Snippet: Brassinosteroid-induced disease resistance partially depends on GSL8 . (A) Typical Pst DC3000 infection symptoms in Col-0, BL, gsl8-1 , and BL + gsl8-1. Pictures were taken at 3 and 5 dpi, respectively. Bar, 1.00 cm. (B) Total chlorophyll content in inoculated leaves was detected in planta at 3 dpi. (C) Bacterial growth in the inoculated leaves was detected in planta. Bacteria were isolated from plants at 1 dpi and quantified with gradient dilution assays. (D) Callose deposition in infected leaves at 1 dpi. Callose deposition was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Bar, 200 μm. (E) Number of callose deposition in the 5.5 mm 2 microscopic fields. Callose deposition was counted in 8–12 microscopic fields of 5.5 mm 2 from 8 to 12 different leaves and three biological repeats. (F) The superoxide content in the infected leaves at 1 dpi. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD (G) , POD (H) , CAT (I) , and APX (J) . (K,L) Relative expression levels of defense-related genes PR1 and PR2. Data presented are mean ± SD from three independent experiments. The expression of ACTIN2 was used as an internal reference. Significant differences ( P < 0.05) are denoted by different lowercase letters.

Article Snippet: The Catalase (CAT) Activity Assay Kit (BC0205, Solarbio), the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity Detection Kit (BC0170, Solarbio), the Peroxidase (POD) Activity Detection Kit (BC0090, Solarbio), and the Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) Activity Assay Kit (BC0220, Solarbio) were used to detect the activity of CAT, SOD, POD, and APX, respectively.

Techniques: Infection, Isolation, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Expressing